USA - How to cope with a cold and soggy planting season

17.04.2019 332 views
Farmers sometimes find themselves in the spring planting Twilight Zone, where soils slightly cooler than 50°F. are fit to plant. In those situations, plant, says Dean Grossnickle, a Syngenta agronomic service representative based in central Iowa.

“I always get the question, ‘Do I wait for the soils to warm up or not?’” he says.

“If the soil is fit and you look at the extended forecast and the weather’s going to be good out into the future, I say go for it. Very few times have I been burned when soils are fit and a bit too cool.”

What burns farmers more often is waiting for soils to warm up and then being stymied by a three-week rain delay, he says.“Then, you’re panicking, feeling like you need to do something,” he explains. This can prompt planting into marginal soils.“It burns you more times than planting into fit soils with cooler temperatures,” he says.

So What’s a Fit Soil? 

One way to identify it is to form a soil ball with one hand. If the ball holds its shape and doesn’t break apart with some effort, don’t plant, says Grossnickle.If the ball breaks apart and crumbles, though, planting can commence, he says. Last fall’s delayed harvest is causing some farmers to consider applying spring anhydrous ammonia. Here again, applying anhydrous ammonia on excessively wet soils can set the stage for poor stands once planting commences. Applying anhydrous ammonia on sopping wet soils can spur uneven spreading in the soil to form concentrated anhydrous ammonia pockets. Seed burning and burned corn roots can result when farmers plant into those hot spots, he says.“You have to pay attention to the soil because mistakes will haunt you the rest of the season,” he says.

Don’t Panic About Switching Hybrids  

If corn planting delays result, don’t panic about switching to hybrids with shorter relative maturities, he says.Retaining full-season hybrids helps farmers maximize yield potential, says Grossnickle. Plus, many farmers have machinery capacity to plant many acres in a short time.The decision of when to switch hybrid relative maturity differs by geography. In central Iowa, the decision to back down from a normal full-season 111- to 113-day relative maturity hybrids normally surfaces around May 20, says Grossnickle. Then, he recommends knocking it down to 109 to 110 days.“If another 10 days pass and you’re still not in the field, you may want to knock another five days off (relative maturities),” he says.

Trade-offs exist. That’s particularly true if an unproven hybrid with less yield potential that may not fit a field’s soil type is the only one available.

“If it means I am stepping down to a genetically inferior hybrid, do I take that risk of going down those three maturity days (after May 20)?” Grossnickle asks. Sticking with an original full-season hybrid may mean dealing with wetter corn in the fall, but it also retains full yield potential.“This year when margins are so tight, you can’t afford to give up yield potential,” says Grossnickle. “It may behoove you to pay more in drying than to switch to a hybrid that will not perform (as well as the original one).”

Plant Treated Soybean Seed

Farmers who have never used a soybean fungicide seed treatment may want to reconsider this spring, says Grossnickle. Phomopsis infested a share of soybeans last year, and the inoculum may carry into this year’s seed lots. “We are starting out behind the 8-ball this year,” he says. Planting fungicide-treated soybean seed – particularly on seed with lower-than-normal germination – is a way to ensure adequate stand potential, he says.Cool and wet spring soils can prompt the soilborne fungus Fusarium solani to infect roots as early as one week after soybean emergence. These infections that key Fusarium root rot can produce the toxins that key the hallmark Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) symptoms of chlorotic and crinkled leaves in August.

No soybean variety resists SDS, but some varieties are better than others at tolerating SDS, says Grossnickle. Seed treatments like Ilevo can also help soybean farmers supplement SDS management on top of SDS-tolerant varieties.

Manage Weeds

A preemergence residual herbicide is essential to getting a crop off to a good start. However, this spring’s compressed schedule may pressure farmers to first plant corn and then worry about weeds. One perk corn has is that corn herbicides have flexibility. For example, Acuron can be applied before corn reaches a 12-inch height. If grass is a problem, the label states that a grass herbicide tank mix may be required. Corvus is another corn herbicide that can be applied in a tank mixture with atrazine from the corn spiking stage through the 2-leaf collar growth stage.

Soybean herbicides, unfortunately, aren’t as flexible, says Grossnickle. With soybeans, a preemergence residual herbicide is vital.

“You cannot get ahead (planting) of your sprayer on soybean acres,” he says. “Plant a field, spray a field.” If soybeans are planted and three weeks of rainy weather follow – with no preemergence residual herbicide down – it places excessive pressure on postemergence herbicides in herbicide-tolerant systems like glyphosate, glufosinate, 2,4-D, or dicamba to control weeds. “When there is too much pressure put on post products, we will find that unique weed that resists those programs,” he adds.

Watch for Disease

If growing season weather remains wet, disease may be rampant. Gray leaf spot (GLS) in corn was common last year. Meanwhile, a new disease – tar spot – surfaced in states like Iowa, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Illinois. “There is an issue where tillage was not done (last fall) to bury disease inoculum,” says Grossnickle. This is particularly the case in no-till, when tillage doesn’t bury inoculum. Newly planted crops join inoculum to provide the second peg of the three-legged stool for disease. The missing link of the disease triangle – environment – can join inoculum and host to result in disease outbreaks.“So, it’s setting up to where we could have an issue with the right environment,” says Grossnickle.

Ohio State University plant pathologists find high disease severity is more frequent from low areas and river-bottom fields where periods of leaf wetness and high relative humidity favor disease development.

“With GLS in corn, look for hybrids with good disease ratings,” Grossnickle says. Syngenta models for central Iowa show that with an environment conducive to GLS, a susceptible hybrid has a 94% chance of developing GLS. With a moderately resistant hybrid, the chances of a GLS outbreak dip to 14%, he says.Thus, he advises corn farmers planting a susceptible GLS hybrid to scout and be prepared to apply a fungicide. In soybeans, frogeye leaf spot infested a number of fields in central Iowa in 2018. Unfortunately, frogeye leaf spot that resists strobilurin fungicides is also surfacing.

He adds that many fungicides contain both strobilurin and triazole active ingredients. “If you have strobilurin-resistant frogeye, the triazole will help, but as far as giving preventive treatment, the strobilurin (component) will not do it,” he says. One option is to apply a fungicide that contains multiple active ingredients including one with SDHI chemistry, such as Trivapro, he says.

Source - https://www.agriculture.com

28.03.2024

Canada - How Sask.'s new budget does and doesn't address climate change

The world is facing record heat from human-caused climate change brought on by carbon dioxide and methane emissions, but the words "climate change" don't appear once in Saskatchewan's newly released 75-page 2024-25 budget.

28.03.2024

Kenya - How crop insurance is transforming agriculture

Kenyan farmers continue to face challenges due to unpredictable weather conditions. As a result, they are turning to insurance coverage for their crops and livestock. Insurance experts have reported that most farmers who are insuring their crops are smallholders who rely on rain-fed agriculture and use low-technology farming methods.

28.03.2024

USA - How spring temperature fluctuations, early blooms are impacting Centre County fruit farmers

Plenty of people in Centre County got outside to enjoy temperatures in the 60s and 70s earlier this month, but spring weather fluctuations continue to cause concern for local fruit farmers.

28.03.2024

USA - Farmers use helicopters to warm crops amid spring freezes

An early spring this year means more work for farmers as early blooms face freezing temperatures. Les Dozier's Sta-N-Step Farms has served Northwest Arkansas since 1989. His farm is one of many facing freezing temperatures that could ruin crops.

28.03.2024

Ireland - Potato will be scarce by June, farmers praying for rain to stop

Farmers have to "watch, hope and pray" for a "sweet spot" of dry weather in the coming weeks or many will have to debate whether to plant at all this year. As continuous rainfall adds to already saturated ground, many big and small potato farmers are warning that the Irish favourite variety of Rooster may be in scarce supply by June.

28.03.2024

USA - Several metro Atlanta counties declared natural disaster zones after severe drought

More than 30 Georgia counties — including 10 in metro Atlanta — have been designated “primary natural disaster areas” by the United States Department of Agriculture, the agency announced Thursday.

27.03.2024

Turkey - Climate change may affect grape cultivation

A recent study has highlighted the impact of the climate crisis on viticulture in Turkey, predicting that the expected rise in temperatures and reduced rainfall could shift the suitability of vineyard regions for grape production over the next three decades.

27.03.2024

Crop crisis reveals El Niño’s toll on Southern Africa

New findings from the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (Enso) reference group highlight the significant impact of the 2023/24 El Niño event on various aspects of climate and agriculture in Southern Africa.

istanbul escort şişli escort tbilisi escort şişli escort şişli escort maslak escort istanbul escort beşiktaş escort taksim escort izmir escort ümraniye escort mecidiyeköy escort şişli escort taksim escort ümraniye escort kartal escort şirinevler escort maltepe escort istanbul escort ümraniye escort kadıköy escort vip escort mersin escort istanbul escorts ataköy escort avcılar escort beylikdüzü escort okmeydanı escort şişli escort tuzla escort işitme cihazı sex shop sex shop sex shop sex shop sex shop sex shop sex shop sex shop